This article explores how to effectively utilize international trade terms (Incoterms® 2020) to manage tariff risks in international trade. It analyzes the allocation of responsibilities under various terms and provides practical recommendations to cope with tariff fluctuations, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of businesses in the global market.
This paper delves into critical aspects of freight forwarding practice, including the significance of the Bill of Lading's declared value, the basis for cargo damage claims, the definition of non-containerized shipments, customs clearance procedures, the distinction between 'first release' and 'second release', the concepts of LCL consolidation and cooperative stuffing, and the division of responsibilities between buyers and sellers under DDU terms. It aims to provide practical guidance for professionals in the foreign trade industry, clarifying key operational procedures and liabilities.
Incoterms® are the standard terms in international trade that clarify the responsibilities of buyers and sellers. The 2020 version aims to reduce disputes.
Prepaid freight (PP) and collect freight (CC) are significant terms in the logistics industry. PP indicates that the shipper has paid the freight, while CC means payment is made upon receipt. Generally, collect freight is more expensive, and its payment method is closely linked to transaction terms. Understanding these concepts is essential for managing transportation costs effectively and gaining insights into international trade.
Incoterms® are standard terms used in international trade that define the obligations, costs, and risks associated with the delivery of goods for both sellers and buyers. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the current Incoterms® 2020 version, explaining its applicable terms and significance. Understanding these terms helps businesses conduct transactions efficiently and accurately in the international market.
This article explains common terms in international shipping, specifically CY/FO, CY/CY, and CY/LO. By clarifying these terms, exporters and importers can better understand the allocation of costs, allowing for more effective management of expenses and risks. Mastering these terms will enhance trading efficiency and financial management capabilities.
This analysis breaks down sea freight cost components, including surcharges like ORC, DDC, THC, and Local Charges. It clarifies the cost responsibilities of buyers and sellers under various Incoterms such as EXW, FOB, and CIF. Understanding these elements is crucial for accurate cost calculation and efficient international trade management, helping to avoid unexpected expenses and ensure smooth shipping processes.
The article explores the main differences between booking agents and operational agents in international freight forwarding. Booking agents are responsible for directly booking cargo with carriers, while operational agents handle the comprehensive execution of transportation business. It also discusses situations in FOB transactions where the buyer can designate a freight forwarder, emphasizing the importance of both types of agents in the industry.
This article explores international trade practices and their importance, focusing on the 1932 Warsaw-Oxford Rules, the 1941 U.S. Foreign Trade Definitions Revision, and the 1990 International Commercial Terms (Incoterms). Understanding these trade terms aids in enhancing the efficiency of cross-border transactions, reducing disputes, and ensuring the smooth execution of contracts.
This article provides a detailed analysis of important professional terms in the logistics industry, including procurement personnel, hazardous materials shipping processes, breakbulk cargo, customs inspection, and customs documentation. Through the interpretation of these professional terms, the article aims to help readers better understand the complexity of logistics operations and the specific operational processes involved.
